Un análisis componencial del verbo "correr" en el contexto de Chile
Kerwin Anthony Livingstone University of Guyana
Esta presente labor tiene como finalidad hacer un análisis componencial del verbo “Correr” en español, que significa en inglés “To Run”, en el contexto de Chile o más bien, en Concepción que es la ciudad capital de la XVIII Región de Chile, lugar en donde se llevó a cabo este estudio. Se presenta un marco teórico de la semántica, tomando en consideración su relevancia a este trabajo. Se da el planteamiento del estudio y los objetivos correspondientes que se esperan lograr. Luego, se delimitan las hipótesis del estudio tanto como los procesos metodológicos que se realizaron con el fin de dar como resultado este análisis comprensivo de dicho verbo.
Tras hacer esto, se pone especial atención al análisis componencial que se hizo. En dicho análisis se pondrá énfasis tanto en el significado denotativo - el significado de una palabra fuera de cualquier contexto y este significado es objetivo - como en el significado connotativo - el significado que suele ser personal, individual y sin cuestión es subjetivo. Además, se podrán ver los distintos contextos en que aparece este verbo y sus acepciones diferentes.
Entre tradition rhétorique et perspectives nouvelles
André Horak Université de Berne
Depuis au moins trois millénaires, l’euphémisme constitue une stratégie fondamentale d’atténuation, repérable dans la plupart des genres de discours. S’il est exploité à l’origine comme remède contre les paroles de mauvais augure – liées à la superstition et à la crainte religieuse des Anciens –, il prend place de nos jours dans des domaines aussi différents que la presse écrite, la publicité, les lettres officielles ou les conversations spontanées. Pourtant, malgré son omniprésence, il a fait l’objet d’un nombre encore réduit de monographies.
Première monographie linguistique sur l’euphémisme en langue française, cet ouvrage poursuit deux objectifs majeurs. D’un côté, il se propose de présenter l’évolution diachronique de l’euphémisme et de son statut théorique à partir de l’Antiquité gréco-latine. En adoptant des approches sémantiques, rhétorico-pragmatiques et sociolinguistiques, il vise, d’un autre côté, à formuler une théorie inédite sur la figure, ainsi qu’à établir un classement systématique des moyens euphémiques clés qui font partie intégrante de la communication intersubjective.
André Horak est assistant de linguistique française à l’Université de Berne (Suisse). Ses principaux articles s’intègrent dans le domaine des figures du discours, en particulier de l’euphémisme.
ISBN 9783862880171. Edition Linguistique 80. 110pp. 2010.
Hablantes y hablas en la novelística social centroamericana (1940-1970)
(Para una tipificación dialectológica del discurso literario regional)
Daniel Lévêque Université Catholique de l’Ouest
Este doble estudio que muestra el minucioso traspaso a la escritura de una realidad y una oralidad locales va introducido por un análisis narrativo-discursivo; el Profesor Lévêque toma como hilo conductor tres "novelas ejemplares" procedentes de Honduras. Dicho análisis de las obras escogidas (con alusiones a textos correlativos de Guatemala y Costa Rica) revela una situación de dependencia económica y política de América Central a raíz de una explotación extranjera en sus sectores forestales, bananeros y mineros, y permite identificar quién habla en las creaciones literarias de esta índole.
En la segunda parte del estudio el linguista pasa a especificar cómo se percibe el habla en estas construcciones textuales, evidenciando los particularismos léxicos y demás dialectalismos que caracterizan la "estética" del modo discursivo regional. Para llegar a unas conclusiones lexicológicas fidedignas, escogió como instrumento de trabajo el Diccionario del español de Centroamérica de su propia autoría (Universidad de Valladolid, 2010). Con el propósito de caracterizar científicamente, de manera global y multidimensional a la vez, la expresión local de la lengua española, esta nueva óptica de trabajo lo conduce finalmente a considerar simultáneamente los seis enfoques lingüísticos siguientes: diatópico, diacrónico, semántico, tipológico, sociolingüístico y, para acabar, discursivo, rematando esta investigación dialectológica el cruce de los datos estadísticos anteriores.
ISBN 9783862880560. 150pp. Edición Lingüística 81. 2011.
Ahmed Umar & Baba Mai Bello University of Maiduguri, University of Bayreuth
This study compared the grammar of the nominal group in both English and Bura. The study aimed to compare the two languages in order to highlight the salient features of similarity and difference.
The comparative analysis was done in two ways: what items make up the NG of each language, and the order in which such items are arranged. Syntactically, English has the basic NG structure of MHQ (modifier + headword + qualifier); Bura has the basic NG structure of HQM (headword + qualifier + modifier). The same items (e.g. nouns, adjectives, etc) generally make up the NG of both English and Bura. The two languages also agree on the syntactic functions of the NG of subject, complement and the adjunct, the infinitival and present participial nominalisations, except on the clausal nominalisation, which is peculiar to English only.
ISBN 9783862880997. Linguistics Edition 82. 69pp. 2011.
The Morphology of Yoruba Nominals in Ilorin Dialect
Mohammed Aminu Mu'azu & Hussaini Zubairu
University of Maiduguri-Nigeria; Mohammed Goni College of Legal and Islamic Studies, Maiduguri
This book presents the first ever-systematic analysis of The Morphology of Yoruba Nominals in Ilorin Dialect, a language of the Benue-Congo sub-group of the Niger-Kordofanian phyla spoken by 30 million speakers found in south-western Nigeria and some part of Benin and Togo Republics. In Nigeria, they are located in the extreme south-west of the country, and some few speakers are located in the Middle-Belt of northern part of the country.
The book is divided into five chapters: the first part discusses the geographical areas of the people, historical origin, and its linguistic classification as well as dialects of the language. The second part treats nominal morphology of the language i.e. nouns, adjectives and adverbs. The third part of the book discusses nominal morphological processes of the language, identifying the followings: affixation, reduplication and modification. The fourth part discuses Yoruba nominal syllable structure establishing three types of open/ closed syllable in the nominal form of the language while, the last chapter treats dialectal variation between the standard and Ilorin dialects of the language.
The authors Mohammed Aminu Muazu and Hussaini Zubairu are graduates of linguistics, University of Maiduguri-Nigeria. Mohammed Aminu Muazu is presently an associate professor and lecturer in the Department of Languages and Linguistics, University of Maiduguri while, Hussaini Zubairu is also a lecturer at the Mohammed Goni College of Legal and Islamic Studies, Maiduguri-Nigeria.
ISBN 9783862880928. Linguistics Edition 83. 90pp. 2011.
The author advocates a basically new approach to language change.
A change begins when a speaker says something new choosing between several possibilities following nothing more complicated than the principle variatio delectat. If other speakers like the new sound or expression, it may become a language innovation. Since it is first used by a group of speakers, it has distinct sociolectal value.
In order to communicate messages the old and the new sound or expression function equally well. Traditionally linguists have generally tried to find some weak point which is the cause of the language change. They have tried to find causal explanations where there are none.
Language is a branch of human culture. Its changes can no more be explained than changes in literature, music, visual arts or the length of women’s skirts. The innovator may choose the new sound or expression because of similarity with some existing feature of the language. The author calls this assumed process a prompt, which is similar to a cause but is not one.
The notions of information value and redundancy, borrowed from information theory, can elucidate some aspects of language change.
ISBN 9783862882359. Linguistics Edition 84. 73pp. 2011.
The author discusses his 70 years of study, research and teaching in Sweden (Uppsala and Umeå) , France (Paris and Strasbourg), Portugal (Coimbra), England (London), Germany (Bonn, München and Mainz), Scotland (Edinburgh) and Australia (Melbourne). He compares in detail Uppsala, Mainz and Monash universities. An important difference is that in Sweden exams including the public defence of a doctoral thesis are oral. In Australia exams are written and in Germany there are both kinds of exams.
The author’s foundation of the Department of Phonetics in Uppsala and the Department of Linguistics at Monash University and his work in these departments are dealt with in considerable detail.
After 46 years a scandal at the University of Uppsala is revealed. One of the guilty academics admits what he calls “his crime” 40 years after the event.
The author sums up his ideas on linguistics and provides a bibliography of his most important works. He believes that his taxonomic approach is unusually comprehensive. He criticises Noam Chomsky’s linguistics in 15 points and finds it does not describe facts of language in an adequate way.
He relates his personal memories of ten scholars whom he has known well: E. Coseriu, P. Falk, M. Foucault, B. Hasselrot, L. Hjelmslev, R. Jakobson, H. Karlgren, A. de Lacerda, J. Melander and G. Ungeheuer.
A person index and pictures of people and events conclude the Memories.
ISBN 9783862882366. Linguistics Edition 85. 120pp. 2011.
Mohammed Aminu Mu’azu, Jidda Hassan Juma’a; & Suleman Tebu University of Maiduguri
A descriptive grammar of the Bassa-nge language presents a comprehensive description of an endangered language spoken in Kogi State-Nigeria. The language belongs to the Niger-Kordofanian phylum of the Kwa family. The 12,000 speakers of the language occupy the eastern side of the confluence of the river Niger and Benue, though some of them still live on the side of river Lokoja. The Grammar book has four chapters. The first chapter discusses the geographical location of the language, historical origin and settlement of the people and the classification of the language. The second chapter treats the phonology of the language enumerating the consonant and vowel systems.
The third chapter briefly discusses the nominal and verbal morphology of the language while, the last chapter treats the syntax of the language, discussing the structure of the nominal and verbal phrases, identifying all the possible constituents that can occur in each of the phrases. These are supported with tree diagram of the sentences analyzed as well as phrase structure rules.
The book’s authors, Mohammed Aminu Mu’azu, Jidda Hassan Juma’a and Suleman Sokomba Tebu are graduates of General linguistics and Associate Professors in the Department of Languages and Linguistics, University of Maiduguri-Nigeria.
ISBN 9783862881635. Linguistics Edition 86. 170pp.2011.
An Introduction to Morphology and Syntax of the Kanuri Language
Muhammad Fannami & Mohammed Aminu Mu'azu University of Maiduguri
Kanuri is one of the Saharan languages; it belongs to the Nilo-Saharan phylum, spoken by over four million people as their first language (mother tongue) in the present day Borno and Yobe states in Nigeria.
This book consists of four chapters. The first chapter is a general introduction, it covers the etymology of the term Kanuri, history of the people, the classification of the language, as well as an overview of the language dialects. The second chapter deals with the morphology and tonal systems of the language, the morphological parts include the description, analysis and interpretations of the morphological processes that occur in the language while concerning tones, an auto-segmental analysis is adopted to account for the language tonal systems. The third chapter dwells on the syntax of the language using Chomskian’s approach as well as Government and Binding theory in analysing Kanuri sentences.
Tree diagrams and phrase structure rules of the sentences analysed are drawn. The fourth chapter,that is the concluding part presents the vocabulary and types of sentences that occur in the language.
The book’s authors-Muhammad Fannami and Mohammed Aminu Mu’azu are PhD holders in General Linguistics, Associate Professors and Lecturers in the Department of Languages and Linguistics, University of Maiduguri, Nigeria.
ISBN 9783862881642. Linguistics Edition 87. 292pp. 2011.
EINSTELLUNG UND VORLIEBE MIT BESONDEREM SCHWERPUNKT AUF DIE STELLUNG DER DEUTSCHEN SPRACHE IN NIGERIA von 1859 bis 2003
Oyedele Olajumoke Universität Bayreuth
Der vorliegende Band befasst sich mit der Untersuchung des Stellenwerts von Fremdsprachen in Nigeria mit DaF als Fallbeispiel. Der erste Teil beschäftigt sich folgerichtig mit der Einstellung der Nigerianer zu Fremd- und einheimischen Sprachen. Dabei werden die sprachliche Situation Nigerias und die Sprachpolitik des nigerianischen Bildungssystems ausführlich diskutiert.
Im zweiten Teil der Arbeit wird im Speziellen die Lage des Faches Deutsch als Fremdsprache in Nigeria untersucht. Analysiert werden die Umstände, unter denen DaF in den Bildungsinstitutionen Nigerias vermittelt wird, sowie die damit einher gehenden Probleme sowohl für die Lehrenden als auch für die Lernenden.
Im Abschluss werden mögliche Lösungsvorschläge für einen bedarfsgerechten nachhaltigen Deutschunterricht in Nigeria angeregt, und einen Einblick in eine denkbare Zukunftsperspektive der deutschen Sprache in Nigeria angeboten.
ISBN 9783862882854. Edition Linguistik 88.132pp. 2012.
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