Japanische Beiträge zu Kultur und Sprache

Studia Iaponica Wolfgango Viereck emerito oblata

Herausgegeben von Guido Oebel (Saga)
(Unter Mitarbeit von Shinjiro Aiura, Liesbeth Dietel, Shane Walshe & Kenneth Wynne)

In diesem Sammelband äußern sich neben dem Festschriftjubilar Wolfgang Viereck weitere 21 in Japan forschende und lehrende Autorinnen und Autoren zu unterschiedlichen Themen aus den vier Bereichen Dialektologie bzw. Geolinguistik, allgemeine Sprachwissenschaft, Literaturwissen-schaft und Sprachphilosophie. Insbesondere die Beiträge aus dem Bereich Dialektologie bzw. Geolinguistik sind dazu angetan, für die japanische Sprache ein dem Atlas Linguarum Europae (ALE) vergleichbares Forschungsprojekt zu initiieren.

Inhaltsverzeichnis:

Teil I: Dialektologie und Geolinguistik

Seiya ABE
On the “Monsoon Asia Substratum” and Altaic Superstratum in East Asia: A Stratificational Approach to Geolinguistics

Yoshikyuki ASAHI
Contact-induced Linguistic Change in an Urban Community. Evidence from a Japanese New Town

Yoshio EBATA
A Spirit of Geolinguistics

Chitsuko FUKUSHIMA
Changing Dialects of the Young Generation in Niigata, Japan, with the Focus on Adjectives

Satomi MATAYOSHI
Research into the Relationship between the Case Particle Nka and Verbs Expressing Existence in the Okinawa Dialect of Tsuken Island, Japan

Shunsuke OGAWA
A Geolinguistic Study on the History of Acceptance of Christian Vocabulary in the Northwestern Area of the Kyushu District of Japan

Zendo UWANO
Accentual Changes in Progress: the Ibuki-jima Dialect

Teil II: Allgemeine Sprachwissenschaften (Diachronie, Komparatistik, Lexikologie, Onomasiologie, Kontaktlinguistik, Soziolinguistik, Synchronie)

Atsushi IWAMOTO
The Old English Strong Verbs of Class VI, Their Structural Factors and the Verb TAKE

Yuji KAWAGUCHI
Usage-based Approach in Linguistics

Zhang LEI
Research on Wedding Blessings in an Asian Cultural Design Map using GIS Software

Guido OEBEL
Confusion, Insensitivity, or Xenophobic Relics from a Closed Past?Other Countries, Other Customs: Different Forms of Address towards Foreign Teaching Staff at University Employed by Japanese Colleagues and Students

Guido OEBEL
‘Vereignungsstrategie’ und Hybridisierungstendenz des Japanischen, der wohl xenophilsten, weil adaptions- und assimilationsfreudigsten Sprache

Michiko OGURA
Camel or Elephant? How to Lexicalise Objects Foreign to the Anglo-Saxons

Yasunari UEDA
Jenseits des Regenbogens. Bemerkungen zur Benennungsmotivation bzw. zum metaphorischen Bild aufgrund deutsch-japanischerkontrastiver Untersuchungen

Yoshiki YAMAHARA
Eine vergleichende Nomenklaturgrammatik der Pflanzennamen – Wie man Pflanzen auf Japanisch und Deutsch benennt

Teil III: Literaturwissenschaft

Yoshihiko IKEGAMI
On the Indigenous Japanese Version of Cinderella / Aschenputtel

Hiroko SATO
Willa Cather Reconsidered

Hiroko WASHIZU
The Earlier Days of the Sperm Whale Fishery: An InstrumentalApproach to Moby-Dick

Teil IV: Sprachphilosophie

Tsugio MIMURO
Nishidas Begriff der ‘reinen Erfahrung’ und die Sprache unter Berücksichtigung von Wilhelm von Humboldts Sprachauffassung

Eva OTTMER
Ferdinand de Saussures Vorhaben einer Semiologie aus dem Blickwinkel buddhistischer Sprach- und Erkenntnistheorie

Kenichi SHIMAMURA
Der Mensch als lebendes Subjekt. Was im deutschen Sprachraum unterdrükt wird

ISBN 9783895863769. LINCOM Studies in Asian Linguistics 68. 430pp. 2006.

Sound Systems of Mandarin Chinese and English: a comparison

Tsung Chin
University of Maryland

This is a book on the sound systems of Mandarin Chinese and English. It takes a contrastive approach by first analyzing English and then using the same framework for Chinese.

The book focuses on the basic concepts for the understanding of Mandarin sound system. It describes the basic units of meaning, zi (words), as morpheme-syllables. The 405 morpheme-syllables in Mandarin form a closed set before tones are added. The components in the syllable are analyzed in terms of consonants and vowels, and divided into initials and finals by a binary approach used in traditional Chinese linguistics. In this book, an original view is illustrated on the positional analysis of the syllable and the selection of vowels heading the groups of finals in the binary system. The four tones are shown to form a symmetrically balanced system with the phonetic variations explained in concise and simple terms. The placement of tone marks which often causes confusion is also demonstrated to follow well-motivated rules. This book provides insights for speakers of English and Chinese about their languages. It can be used as a textbook on Chinese phonetics, or as a reader for students of Chinese as a second language. Linguistic concepts are explained in plain language supplemented by analogies, examples, and reinforcing exercises. Learning problems are pointed out, causes explained, and remedies suggested.

Table of Contents

Division 1: The Chinese Language

Section I: What Is Chinese
Section II: The Dialects
Section III: Mandarin
Section IV: Mono-Syllabicity, the Morpheme and the Morpheme Syllable

Division 2: Linguistic Concepts

Section V: Pronunciation vs. Spelling
Section VI: Phonetics
Section VII: Consonants, Vowels, and the Syllable

Division 3: English Sound System

Section VIII: Minimal Pairs and Phonemes
Section IX: English Consonants
Section X: Allophones and Assimilation
Section XI: English Vowels

Division 4: Mandarin Sound System

Section XII: Mandarin Consonants
Section XIII: Mandarin Vowels
Section XIV: Mandarin Syllable Structure
Section XV: Mandarin Tones

Division 5: Traditional Chinese Phonology

Section XVI: Reverse Correspondence and Twin Initial-Double Final
Section XVII: Binary Initial+Final Analysis of the Mandarin Syllable
Section XVIII: Combinatory Constrains and Mandarin Syllables

Division 6: Phonetic Systems

Section XIX: The Three Major Romanization Systems and Their Comparison
Section XX: The National Phonetic Alphabet

Mandarin Initials
Mandarin Syllables
Index

ISBN 9783895863226. LINCOM Studies in Asian Linguistics 70. 144pp. 2006.

Being Affected: The meanings and functions of Japanese passive constructions

Mami Iwashita
University of Sydney

Amongst the multiple and diverse meanings and functions passive constructions hold, this study shows that the primary function of passives in Japanese is to portray an event from the point of view of an affected entity. It identifies three types of affectedness in Japanese passive constructions: emotive affectedness, direct / physical affectedness, and objective affectedness.

A key contribution of this study is to reveal how Japanese passives are actually used in real contexts. In order to achieve this, detailed examination of authentic written and spoken data is conducted. Some findings of this data analysis contradict previous claims, such as the finding of a large proportion of passives with a non-sentient subject, the very low frequency of indirect passives and the appearance of a considerable number of passives in a proposition with a neutral or positive meaning.

Many previous researchers have claimed a complete and apparently transparent correlation between the syntactic and semantic distinctions of the Japanese passive. However, through analysing authentic data, it becomes evident that the correlation is much more subtle, and that is a matter of degree or a continuum, rather than a discrete, black and white issue. To reflect this view, this study proposes separate sets of categories for syntactic and semantic distinctions.

ISBN 9783895867682. LINCOM Studies in Asian Linguistics 71. 255pp. 2007.

Anaphoric Expressions in the Peranakan Javanese of Semarang

Peter Cole, Gabriella Hermon, Yassir Tjung, Chang-Yong Sim, Chonghyuck Kim

In this monograph the properties of the anaphoric expressions found in Peranakan (ethnically Chinese) Javanese as spoken in the city of Semarang are examined. This is the first detailed study of Peranakan Javanese and the first monograph-length examination of anaphora in an Indonesian language. Three types of anaphoric expressions in Peranakan are discussed, true reflexives "pseudo-reflexives" and pronouns. It is shown that the distribution of true reflexives and pronouns conforms to Conditions A and B of the Binding Theory (Chomsky 1981). The third type of anaphoric expression, the pseudo-reflexive, however, appears to constitute a problematic case for the Binding Theory.

Various analyses to account for the peculiar distribution of pseudo-reflexives in Peranakan are considered and it is concluded that pseudo-reflexives are anaphoric forms that are neither pronouns nor reflexives. The distribution of anaphoric expressions in passives, ditransitives, and the sing-construction (relative clauses) is then examined, and analyses for various complications in the binding properties exhibited in these constructions are proposed. Although a semantically-based analysis appears on initial examination to account for the puzzling behavior of anaphoric expressions in the three constructions, it is shown that such an analysis is less adequate than an analysis based on a combination of c-command and semantics. In addition, the use of anaphoric expressions for non-local coreference is examined. The final chapter of the monograph is devoted to comparing anaphoric expressions used in Peranakan and those used in the Javanese variety spoken by Pribumi (ethnically Javanese) speakers. A markedly different anaphoric system is found in the language of Pribumi speakers.

ISBN 9783895860409. LINCOM Studies in Asian Linguistics 72. 156 pp. 2007.

Tense, Aspect and Modality in Nepali and Manipuri

Tikaram Poudel
Tribhuvan University

This work explores the morpho-syntax and semantics of tense, aspect and modality in Nepali and Manipuri. We show that a sentence in natural language consists of a proposition, the element of modality and temporal reference. The proposition consists of the verb and its arguments. The notion of modality encodes different attitudes and judgments of the speaker. The temporal reference refers to whether the action is completed or on going and whether the state or the action is prior, simultaneous or posterior to the speech time.

Traditionally moods and modal verbs were considered to be the subdivisions of modality. We show that modality is rather a semantic notion with its subdivisions of realis and irrealis. Not only moods and modal verbs, but also inherently modality verbs, express this modal contrast. Declarative mood is the default way of expressing realis modality, on the other hand, irrealis modality, the marked category, is expressed by nondeclarative in Nepali and irrealis in Manipuri. Modal verbs express different sorts of modality such as epistemic and deontic. Modality verbs cast different modal senses on their complements.

The notion of aspect is discussed within the subdivision of inherent aspect, perfectivity, terminativity and sequentiality. The discussion on inherent aspect explores the effect of inherent meanings of verbal group on the aspectual distinction. The term perfectivity is limited within the morphological level and includes the notions such as completives, anteriors, resultatives and past time markers. It contrasts with imperfectivity such as genericity, durativity and habituality. The term terminativity operates in the clausal level and has both verbal group and nominal arguments in its scope. The term sequentiality is a discourse level property and we illustrate it from the textual analysis from modern Manipuri fiction. We show that non-stative verbs marked with perfectivity and having the feature of terminativity move the story line forward functioning as the foregrounding property of discourse.

The study concludes that tense is not a universal category, but a device languages employ to encode the relationship between speech time and event time. Nepali uses tense as one of such devices and Manipuri uses realis mood and other temporal means for the same purpose as it does not have grammatical way of marking tense.

ISBN 9783895861864. LINCOM Studies in Asian Linguistics 73. 282pp. 2007

Malto

Mikhail S. Andronov
Institute of Oriental Studies, The Russian Academy of Sciences

Malto is a nonliterary tribal language spoken by nearly one hundred thousand Dravidian tribesmen in the hilly tracts of Rajmahal in Northern Bihar. They prefer to reside in small settlements hidden in jungle thickets and surrounded by prickly hedges. There they lead a life of hunters, fishermen and collectors of edible plants, eggs, insects and small animals. Often they practise goat-, and sheep-breeding and even rear buffaloes. Tillage and husbandry are less popular with them.

Linguistically Malto belongs to the north-eastern group of the Dravidian family of languages. Of its three dialects one, called Sawriya, was thoroughly studied and described by B.Droese in the mid 19th Century, the other, Malpahariya, was described by B.P. Mahapatra in the 70s of the last Century, and the third, Kumarbhag, can be known from Mahapatra´s notes, too. In the present book phonetics, morphology and syntax of all the three Malto dialects are summarized and systematized with due account of the comparative data received so far (written in Russian).

ISBN 9783895861284. LINCOM Studies in Asian Linguistics 74. 66pp. 2008.

Turkish - Azerbaijani Dictionary of Interlingual Homonyms and Paronyms

Vügar Sultanzade
Mediterranean University in North Cyprus

Edited by Javanshir Shibliyev

Although mutual intelligibility between Turkish and Azerbaijani is extremely high, it is possible to observe differences in the use of homonymous words. Interlingual homonyms are words and idioms which are identical in form but different in meaning. Interlingual paronyms are like homonyms. They are etymologically related words, which have slight differences in form and have different meanings. Interlingual homonyms and paronyms are thought to be the most problematic words for translators, they are often named “translator’s false friends”.

As the issue of such words between Turkish and Azerbaijani has not been subjected to comprehensive investigations, the aim of this dictionary is to fill this gap and present challenging material for the study of diachronic and interference problems between Oghuz languages.

The book consists of the preface, the dictionary part and appendixes. Preface focuses on the main reasons that interlingual homonyms and paronyms emerge. In the dictionary part, a large number of interlingual homonyms and paronyms have been subjected to comprehensive analysis. Appendix I contains the list of verbs which have one and the same meaning but different argument structures in Turkish and Azerbaijani. Appendix II provides index of interlingual homonyms and paronyms.

The dictionary can serve as a valuable source for linguists who are interested in Turkic languages, both synchronically and diachronically.

Vügar Sultanzade earned his Ph.D. from the Institute of Linguistics, Azerbaijan Academy of Sciences in 1992 and worked at the same Institute until 1998. In 1998-1999, he worked at the Research Center of the International Ahmet Yesevi University in Ankara. Since 2000, V. Sultanzade has been working as an associate professor at Eastern Mediterranean University in North Cyprus. He has carried out several research projects at Johannes Gutenberg Universitaet, Mainz, at Freie Universitaet, Berlin and at University California, Santa Cruz (USA).

ISBN 9783895866784. LINCOM Studies in Asian Linguistics 75. 184pp. 2009.

Classifying the Austroasiatic languages: history and state of the art

Paul Sidwell
Australian National University

The Austroasiatic language phylum spans the breadth of South and Southeast Asia, with more than 150 languages over a dozen branches. Some are spoken by villages of just a few dozen people, while others have millions of speakers such as the national languages Cambodian and Vietnamese. Historically much of the Austroasiatic region has been divided and overlain by unrelated language families, creating a vast zone of ethnolinguistic contact and diversity. This creates a special imperative for us to turn to comparative linguistics to solves great issues of regional (pre)history that other disciplines cannot address.

Yet, despite more than a century of comparative Austroasiatic studies, scholars have yet to present an explicitly justified internal genetic classification of the phylum upon which specialists can agree. The text is divided into two main parts; the first charts the emergence of the Austroasiatic hypothesis and its various guises, and reviews much of the literature which has addressed how constituent branches may (or may not) relate to each other, while the second part looks at each branch in detail, examining the history of scholarship and summarizing the state of the art. Many relevant maps and diagrams are reproduced, including some colour plates.

Table of contents

1 Introduction

2 The Austroasiatic Phylum
2.1 1850–1950: the dawn of a new family
2.2 1900–1950: The neogrammarians versus the diffusionists
2.2.1 A new neogrammarian perspective
2.2.2 Reception and influence of Schmidt’s proposals
2.2.3 The question of Vietnamese
2.2.4 Appeal to authority
2.3 1951–present: the age of lexicostatistics
2.3.1 The bridging period
2.3.2 Lexicostatistics makes its mark
2.3.3 Reception and subsequent influence of Thomas and Headley’s analyses
2.3.4 The question of more-detailed subgrouping
2.3.5 Recent analyses
2.4 Concluding remarks: the Austroasiatic phylum and homeland

3 Austroasiatic Branches
3.1 Aslian
3.2 Bahnaric
3.3 Katuic
3.4 Khasian
3.5 Khmeric
3.6 Khmuic
3.7 Monic
3.7.1 Mon
3.7.2 Nyah Kur
3.8 Munda
3.9 Nicobaric
3.10 Palaungic
3.11 Pearic
3.12 Vietic

References

ISBN 9783929075670 (Hardcover). LINCOM Studies in Asian Linguistics 76. 175pp. 2009.

Selected Papers from the 2nd European Conferenec on Korean Linguistics

Jaehoon Yeon and Jieun Kiaer (eds.)
SOAS, University of London; University of Oxford

The contributors for Selected Papers from the 2nd European Conference on Korean Linguistics (ECKL) discuss various aspects of Korean Linguistics, including historical linguistics, syntax, semantics, morphology, phonology, phonetics, psycholinguistics, corpus linguistics and language teaching. All the papers were presented at the 2nd ECKL, held in the School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS), London in 2008.

Jaehoon Yeon is Reader in Korean language at SOAS and Jieun Kiaer is a University Lecturer in Korean Language and Linguistics, at the University of Oxford.

Contents

Preface

Key note Speech:

1 Two Types of Denominal Predicates in Korean and Theories of Morphology-Syntax Interface: James Hye-Suk Yoon (University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign)

General Session:

2 Use of Referent Honorific Lexical Substitutions by Korean University Students, Lucien Brown (School of Oriental and African Studies)

3 From the acoustics to the phonology of the accentual phrase in Korean read speech: Tonal patterns and boundary, Hyongsil CHO (LPL, Université de Provence)

4 L2 acquisition of polarity items: the case of Korean-English interlanguage Kook-Hee Gill Heather Marsden (University of Sheffield University of York)

5 Difficulties encountered in the construction of a Korean bilingual dictionary and their - the case of the New Korean-French Dictionary: Guillaume Jeanmaire (Korea University, Seoul)

6 A Phonetic Study on Phrasing in Seoul Korean, Hae-Sung Jeon (University of Cambridge)

7 A Classification of Korean Support Verbs, Mihwa JO (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona)

8 Multiple –ka Construction and Performance-Grammar Correspondence, Jieun Kiaer (University of Oxford)

9 A Historical Corpus-Based Approach to Korean Logophor Caki, Sun-Hee Lee and Yelee-An (Wellesley College, Yonsei University)

10 The Syntax of Inchoativity- -eci, event structure, and scalarity: Dongsik Lim and Maria-Luisa Zubizarreta (University of Southern California)

11 Korean –cocha ‘even’ and Japanese –sae ‘even’, Eun-Hae Park, (University of Chicago)

12 Licensing Double Nominative Constructions in Korean,Jisung Sun (SUNY Stony Brook)

13 Upstep and Constituent Length in Daegu Korean: A Preliminary Report, Akira Utsugi and Hyejin Jang (JSPS Postdoctoral Fellow for Research Abroad/University of Edinburgh, Korea University)

14 Constraints on Double-Accusative External Possession Constructions in Korean: A Cognitive approach, Jaehoon Yeon, (School of Oriental and African Studies)

ISBN 9783895865923 (Hardbound). LINCOM Studies in Asian Linguistics 77. 210pp. 2010.

Studies in Japanese and Korean Linguistics

Bjarke Frellesvig (University of Oxford & University of Oslo), Jieun Kiaer (University of Oxford) & Janick Wrona (Kyoto University), (eds.)

The book derives from the Linguistics Section of the 7th Conference of the Nordic Association of Japanese and Korean Studies which was held in Copenhagen in August 2007. It was an international rather than narrowly ‘Nordic’ meeting. The chapters in the book cover the broad diversity of studies on the Japanese language, including both historical studies and sophisticated theoretical analyses of the contemporary language.

Contents:

1. SETSUKO ARITA (Osaka Shoin Women's University): Doose as an Epistemic Modal Expression.

2. BJARKE FRELLESVIG (University of Oxford & University of Oslo): Chronological Layering in proto-Japanese and pre-Old Japanese Verb Inflection.

3. KOOK-HEE GIL (University of Sheffield): Scrambling Chains and Long-distance Anaphora.

4. THOMAS MICHAEL GROSS (Aichi University): -gar.u as Irrealis Marker.

5. JIEUN KIAER (University of Oxford): Non-Accidental Word-Order Variation in Korean and Its Implication Towards Grammar.

6. WAYNE P. LAWRENCE (University of Auckland): Two Problems in Japanese Noun-compound Structure.

7. KEIKO MURASUGI (Nanzan University): The Intermediate Stages in the Grammar Acquisition: A View from Japanese.

8. SVEN OSTERKAMP (University of Bochum): Digraphic Transactions of Monosyllabics in Old Japanese and Their Implications.

9. MAMORU SAITO (Nanzan University): Semantic and Discourse Effects of Scrambling.

10. AXEL SVAHN (Lund University): Imperative -ta in Colloquial Japanese.

11. HIDEKAZU TANAKA & MIKA KIZU (University of York, University of London): Syntax of Quantifiers in Japanese.

12. JANICK WRONA (Kyoto University): The Early History of no as a Nominaliser.

ISBN 9783862881222 (Hardbound). LINCOM Studies in Asian Linguistics 78. 240pp.2012.