Manuale di fonetica

Luciano Canepari
Università di Venezia

L'autore, che s'è formato alla Scuola britannica di Fonetica, espande e completa le potenzialità della fonetica naturale: articolatoria, uditiva e funzionale, per adeguarla alle esigenze descrittive e didattiche di svariate lingue e dialetti del mondo, secondo il metodo fonetico esposto nel volume. Il libro offre la necessaria espansione dell'alfabeto fonetico internazionale (IPA) per renderlo adatto a trattare in modo adeguato centinaia di lingue, non solo per quanto riguarda le vocali e le consonanti, ma anche per l'intonazione e i toni. Si danno centinaia di utili figure articolatorie, in particolare vocogrammi, orogrammi, labiogrammi, palatogrammi, tonogrammi. La parte generale, pur cominciando in modo graduale, arriva a trattare a fondo tutte le caratteristiche segmentali e sovrasegmentali, senza trascurare la parafonica (o “paralinguistica”). Il manuale fornisce circa 1000 "suoni linguistici" coi loro simboli, di cui almeno 500 basici, 300 complementari e 200 supplementari. Nella seconda parte si descrivono in modo sintetico, ma preciso, circa 320 lingue di tutto il mondo (comprese 72 lingue morte). In un volume gemello (Manuale di pronuncia) si applica in pieno il metodo fonetico, trattando molto a fondo la pronuncia di 12 lingue: italiano, inglese, francese, tedesco, spagnolo, portoghese, russo, arabo, hindi, cinese, giapponese ed esperanto.

ISBN 9783895868634. LINCOM Textbooks in Linguistics 03 (2nd edition). 494pp. 2005.

Manuale di pronuncia

Luciano Canepari
Università di Venezia

In questo volume si descrivono (con una precisione mai vista prima) la pronuncia e l'intonazione di 12 lingue (italiano, inglese, francese, tedesco, spagnolo, portoghese, russo, arabo, hindi, cinese, giapponese ed esperanto) ricorrendo alla fonetica naturale (articolatoria, uditiva e funzionale) trattata a fondo nel volume gemello, Manuale di fonetica. I ricchi apparati iconografici mostrano chiaramente le peculiarità di vocali, consonanti, intonazione (e toni) e le trascrizioni accurate e fedeli fanno “vedere i suoni” delle varie lingue (ci sono circa 350 foni in questo volume), col rigore e l'efficacia del metodo fonetico. Si descrivono le pronunce neutre (“standard”), comprese quelle americane, dell'inglese, francese, spagnolo e portoghese. Ogni capitolo è composto di: Generalità, Vocali, Consonanti, Strutture, Testo. Inoltre, è trattata anche una trentina d'altri accenti nativi (con varianti), fra cui l'inglese “mediatico” (della televisione e della radio) americano e britannico, l'inglese “internazionale”, canadese, australiano (con le sue 4 note varietà), neozelandese, britannico tradizionale e il Cockney di Londra.
Per il francese, abbiamo anche la pronuncia “internazionale”, parigina “mediatica”, parigina delle Banlieues, marsigliese e del Québec. Per il tedesco, oltre alla pronuncia neutra, ci sono quella dell'ex Germania est, Austria, Svizzera e Alto Adige (Südtirol). Per l'italiano si dà anche la pronuncia tradizionale e un paio di pronunce “mediatiche” (Milano e Roma). Anche per il russo e il cinese sono date varianti utili descrittivamente e didatticamente.

ISBN 9783895868641. LINCOM Textbooks in Linguistics 04 (2nd edition). 436pp. 2005.

Manuale di pronuncia

Italiana, inglese, francese, tedesca, spagnola, portoghese, russa, araba, hindi, cinese, giapponese, esperanta

Luciano Canepari
Università cà Foscari di Venezia

In questo volume si descrivono (con una precisione mai vista prima) la pronuncia e l’intonazione di 12 lingue (italiano, inglese, francese, tedesco, spagnolo, portoghese, russo, arabo, hindi, cinese, giapponese ed esperanto) ricorrendo alla fonetica naturale (articolatoria, uditiva e funzionale) trattata a fondo nel volume gemello, Fonetica e tonetica naturali, la nuova edizione interamente rivista e aggiornata del Manuale di fonetica.

I ricchi apparati iconografici mostrano chiaramente le peculiarità di vocali, consonanti, intonazione (e toni) e le trascrizioni accurate e fedeli fanno “vedere i suoni” delle varie lingue (ci sono circa 350 foni in questo volume), col rigore e l’efficacia del metodo fonetico. Si descrivono le pronunce neutre (“standard”), comprese quelle americane, dell’inglese, francese, spagnolo e portoghese. Ogni capitolo è composto di: Generalità, Vocali, Consonanti, Strutture, Testo.

Inoltre, è trattata anche una trentina d’altri accenti nativi (con varianti), fra cui l’inglese “mediatico” (della televisione e della radio) americano e britannico, l’inglese “internazionale”, canadese, australiano (con le sue 4 note varietà), neozelandese, britannico tradizionale e il Cockney di Londra. Per il francese, abbiamo anche la pronuncia “internazionale”, parigina “mediatica”, parigina delle Banlieues, marsigliese e del Québec. Per il tedesco, oltre alla pronuncia neutra, ci sono quella dell’ex Germania est, Austria, Svizzera e Alto Adige (Südtirol). Per l’italiano si dà anche la pronuncia tradizionale e un paio di pronunce “mediatiche” (Milano e Roma). Anche per il russo e il cinese sono date varianti utili descrittivamente e didatticamente.

La nuova terze edizione edizione interamente rivista e aggiornata include importanti aggiunte, integrazioni, sostituzioni e modifiche.

Indice

1. Preludio

Sintesi di fonetica e tonetica “naturale”
Le trascrizioni
Il contenuto del MaP (e dell'FTN/MaF)
Osservazioni sulla terminologia fonetica
Guida alle figure
Guida ai tipi di trascrizione
Trascrivere a mano
Simboli generici
La tabella ufficiale dell'IPA
Simboli ^canIPA e corrispondenti ^uffIPA

2. Italiano

3. Inglese (americano, britannico e altri accenti)

4. Francese (neutro e altri accenti)

5. Tedesco (neutro e altri accenti)

6. Spagnolo (iberico e americano)

7. Portoghese (brasiliano e lusitano)

8. Russo

9. Arabo

10. Hindi

11. Cinese (mandarino)

12. Giapponese

13. Esperanto

Bibliografia utilizzabile
Indice analitico
Indice delle lingue

ISBN 9783895866593 (Hardbound). LINCOM Textbooks in Linguistics 04. 436pp. (formato: 17 x 24cm). 2007. Terza edizione.

Pidgin and Creole Languages

A Basic Introduction

Alan S. Kaye (California State University, Fullerton) & Mauro Tosco (Istituto Universitario Orientale, Napoli)

This is a short textbook conceived of as a meaty supplement for introductory linguistic students. It is designed to whet their appetites yielding an appreciation of the general field of languages in contact.

The tome is particularly sensitive to the processes and stragegies of pidginization and creolization, and offers data based on the authors' fieldwork on Arabic pidgins and creoles of East Africa (the Ki-Nubi of Kenya and Uganda) and the southern Sudan (the city of Juba on the Nile).

Theories of the origin of pidgins are discussed as well as the evolution of pidgins into creoles and the phenomenon known as decreolization. A major force of this volume is a focus on the relevance of pidginistics and creolistics for general and genetic linguistics.

ISBN 9783895860317. LINCOM Textbooks in Linguistics 05. 130 pp. 2001.

A Handbook in Phonetics

Luciano Canepari
University of Venice, Italy

The author, who was trained in the British phonetic tradition and teaches Phonetics and phonology at the University of Venice, has expanded and completed the potential of natural phonetics, i.e. articulatory, auditory, and functional, in order to update and adapt it to the descriptive and teaching needs of several languages and dialects of the world, according to the phonetic method which is explained in the book.

The handbook offers the necessary expansion of the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) to make it appropriate to adequately deal with hundreds of languages; not only for vowels and consonants, but also for intonation and tones. Hundreds of useful figures are provided, in particular vocograms, orograms, labiograms, palatograms, and tonograms.

The general part, although beginning in a gradual way, deals with all the segmental and suprasegmentals in depth, without neglecting paraphonics (or “paralinguistics”). The handbook provides about 1000 “linguistic sounds” with their symbols, of which at least 500 are basic, 300 complementary, and 200 supplementary.

In the second part, about 320 languages from all over the world are concisely but precisely dealt with (including 72 dead languages). In a twin volume (A Handbook of Pronunciation) the phonetic method is fully applied, by thoroughly dealing with the pronunciation of 12 languages: English, Italian, French, German, Spanish, Portuguese, Russian, Arabic, Hindi, Chinese, Japanese, and Esperanto.

Contents:

Foreword

1. Prelude
Transcriptions
The contents of the Handbook
Observations on terminology

2. Doing phonetics
Guide to the figures
Guide to different types of transcriptions
Transcribing by hands

3. Pronunciation and phonetics
The phonentic method

4. The phono-articulatory apparatus
The vocal folds
Resonators (5 phono-articulatory cavities)
The lips

5. The classification of sounds

6. A gradual approach
Vowels
Voicing
Consonants
Places of articulation
Manners of articulation
Prosodic elements
Stress
Sentence stress
Tones
Intonation

7. The official IPA and other notations
Official IPA
Consonants
Vowels
Prosodic indications and diacritics
How come the IPA is not used by everyone?
Quick comparison between offIPA and canIPA
The official revision of the IPA (1989-96): a missed reform
Official diacritics
Segmental diacritics
Suprasegmental diacritics
Official tones and word accents
About non-IPA alphabets
Comparison with the main non-IPA symbols used in Romanistic studies
From a couple of IPA to many different non-IPA’s
The phonetic alphabet of the Italian Linguistic Atlas: Another example not to follow!
Observations on the (non) respect of symbols
Hypostatization and “IPAstatization”

8. Vowels & vocoids
Other, less useful classifications
More about vocoids
canIPA vocoids
Articulatory practice
Diphthongs: one phoneme or two?
Vocoids of canIPA and correspondence with offIPA

9. Consonants & contoids (1)
Nasals
Stops
Constrictives
Stop-strictives
Approximants
Trills
Laterals
Memorization
Articulatory practice

10. Consonants & contoids (2)
canIPA contoids (displayed according to articulation manners)
Nasals
Stops
Stop-strictives
Constrictives
Approximants
Trills
Laterals
Table of the main canIPA contoids
Comparisons between similar contoids

11. Phonic peculiarities
Syllabic contoids
Coarticulation
Modifications
Variations
Contoids with particular offsets
Prenasalization
“Aspiration”
Non-pulmonic consonants
Ejective consonants
Injective consonants
Dejective consonants (clicks)
Nasalization of vocoids
Devoicing vocoids
Vocoids in unstressed syllables
Vocoids in singing
Generic symbols (for phonic categories)

12. Microstructures
Syllables
Scale of syllabicity
Sillabification
Syllables and the speech chain
Length
Stress
Pitch and tons
Tonetic practice

13. Macrostructures
Prominence
Rhythm and rhythm groups
Pauses
Pitch and intonation groups
Paragraph and text
Rate
Intonation
Intonation groups
Preintonemes
Intonemes
Questions
Intoneme modifications
Parentheses and quotations
Considerations on communicative “roles”
Considerations on intonation
Structures and generalizations

14. Superstructures
Paraphonics
Pitch
Other paraphonic elements

15. Phonosynteses

16. Italy

17. Europe

18. Africa

19. Asia

20. Oceania

21. America

22. Dead languages

23. “Extraterrestrial”

Utilizable bibliography

Index

Language index

ISBN 9783895864803 (Hardbound). LINCOM Textbooks in Linguistics 10. 518pp. 2005.

A Handbook of Pronunciation

Luciano Canepari
University of Venice, Italy

The pronunciation and intonation of 12 languages are described in this book: English, Italian, French, German, Spanish, Portuguese, Russian, Arabic, Hindi, Chinese, Japanese, and Esperanto. They are dealt with (in such a precise manner as never seen before) by applying natural phonetics (i.e. articulatory, auditory, and functional) thoroughly dealt with in the twin volume, A Handbook of Phonetics.

Many figures clearly show the peculiarities of vowels, consonants, intonation, and tones, whereas very accurate and faithful transcriptions help to “see the sounds” of several languages. There are about 350 phones in this book, treated with the rigor and effectiveness of the phonetic method.

Neutral (or “standard”) pronunciations are described, including the American variants of English, French, Spanish, and Portuguese. Each chapter comprises: Generalities, Vowels, Consonants, Structures, and Text.

In addition, about thirty native accents (with variants) are dealt with, including American and British “mediatic” English (used in radio and television broadcastings; the British variant is often called “Estuary English”), besides “international”, Canadian, Australian (with its well-known 4 variants), New-Zealand, traditional-British and Cockney English.

For French, we also have “international”, “mediatic” Parisian, banlieu Parisian, Marseilles and Canadian French. For German, besides neutral pronunciation, the variants of the former West Germany, Austria, Switzerland, and South Tyrol are also given. For Italian, the traditional pronunciation is added and a couple of “mediatic” variants (from Milan and Rome) as well. Also for Russian and Chinese, some variants are given, which are useful for descriptive and teaching purposes. The author was trained in the British phonetic tradition and teaches Phonetics and phonology at the University of Venice, Italy.

Contents:

Foreword

1. Prelude
A synthesis of Phonetics and Tonetics
Transcriptions
The contents of the Handbook
Observations on phonetic terminology
Guide to the figures
Guide to different types of transcriptions
Transcribing by hand
Generic symbols (for phonetic categories)
The official IPA chart

2. Italian

3. English (American & British)

4. French

5. German

6. Spanish (Iberian & American)

7. Portuguese (Brazilian & Lusitanian)

8. Russian

9. Arabic

10. Hindi

11. Chinese (Mandarin)

12. Japanese

13. Esperanto

Utilizable bibliography

Index

Language index

ISBN 9783895864810 (Hardbound). LINCOM Textbooks in Linguistics 11. 436pp. 2005.

A Handbook of Pronunciation

English, Italian, French, German,
Spanish, Portuguese, Russian, Arabic,
Hindi, Chinese, Japanese, Esperanto

Luciano Canepari
University of Venice, Italy

The pronunciation and intonation of 12 languages are described in this book: English, Italian, French, German, Spanish, Portuguese, Russian, Arabic, Hindi, Chinese, Japanese, and Esperanto. They are dealt with (in such a precise manner as never seen before) by applying natural phonetics (i.e. articulatory, auditory, and functional) thoroughly dealt with in the twin volume, Natural Phonetics & Tonetics, the new fully revised and up-dated edition of A Handbook of Phonetics.

Many figures clearly show the peculiarities of vowels, consonants, intonation, and tones, whereas very accurate and faithful transcriptions help to “see the sounds” of several languages. There are about 350 phones in this book, treated with the rigor and effectiveness of the phonetic method.

Neutral (or “standard”) pronunciations are described, including the American variants of English, French, Spanish, and Portuguese. Each chapter comprises: Generalities, Vowels, Consonants, Structures, and Text.

In addition, about thirty native accents (with variants) are dealt with, including American and British “mediatic” English (used in radio and television broadcastings; the British variant is often called “Estuary English”), besides “international”, Canadian, Australian (with its well-known 4 variants), New-Zealand, traditional-British and Cockney English.

For French, we also have “international”, “mediatic” Parisian, banlieu Parisian, Marseilles and Canadian French. For German, besides neutral pronunciation, the variants of the former West Germany, Austria, Switzerland, and South Tyrol are also given. For Italian, the traditional pronunciation is added and a couple of “mediatic” variants (from Milan and Rome) as well. Also for Russian and Chinese, some variants are given, which are useful for descriptive and teaching purposes.

The author was trained in the British phonetic tradition and teaches Phonetics and phonology at the University of Venice, Italy.

The new fully revised and up-dated edition includes fairly important additions, integrations, substitutions, and modifications.

This 2nd edition has been thoroughly revised, amended and updated. Many new figures, symbols, examples and terms have been added to the first edition.

Contents

Prelude

1 A synthesis of ‘Natural’ Phonetics & Tonetics

Transcriptions
The contents of HPr (& of NPT/MPh)
Observations on phonetic terminology
Guide to the figures
Guide to different types of transcriptions
Transcribing by hand
Generic symbols
The official IPA chart
^canIPA & correspondent ^offIPA symbols

2. English – American & British (neutral & other accents)
3. Italian
4. French (neutral & other accents)
5. German (neutral & other accents)
6. Spanish – Iberian & American
7. Portuguese – Brazilian & Lusitanian
8. Russian
9. Arabic
10. Hindi
11. Chinese – Mandarin
12. Japanese
13. Esperanto

Utilizable bibliography Index Language index

ISBN 9783895868191. LINCOM Textbooks in Linguistics 11. 436pp. 2007. 2nd edition.

Fonetica e tonetica naturali

Approccio articolatorio, uditivo e funzionale

Luciano Canepari
Università cà Foscari di Venezia

L’autore, che s’è formato alla Scuola britannica di Fonetica, espande e completa le potenzialità della fonetica e tonetica naturali: articolatoria, uditiva e funzionale, per adeguarla alle esigenze descrittive e didattiche di svariate lingue e dialetti del mondo, secondo il metodo fonetico esposto nel volume.

Il libro offre la necessaria espansione dell’alfabeto fonetico internazionale (IPA) per renderlo adatto a trattare in modo adeguato centinaia di lingue, non solo per quanto riguarda le vocali e le consonanti, ma anche per l’intonazione e i toni. Si danno centinaia d’utili figure articolatorie, in particolare vocogrammi, orogrammi, labiogrammi, palatogrammi, tonogrammi.

La parte generale, pur cominciando in modo graduale, arriva a trattare a fondo tutte le caratteristiche segmentali e sovrasegmentali, senza trascurare la parafonica (o “paralinguistica”). Il manuale fornisce circa 1000 “suoni linguistici” coi loro simboli, di cui almeno 500 basici, 300 complementari e 200 supplementari.

Nella seconda parte si descrivono in modo sintetico, ma preciso, circa 320 lingue di tutto il mondo (comprese 72 lingue morte).

In un volume gemello (Manuale di pronuncia) s’applica in pieno il metodo fonetico, trattando molto a fondo la pronuncia di 12 lingue: italiano, inglese, francese, tedesco, spagnolo, portoghese, russo, arabo, hindi, cinese, giapponese ed esperanto.

La nuova edizione interamente rivista e aggiornata include importanti aggiunte, integrazioni, sostituzioni e modifiche. Il titolo cambia per mostrare più chiaramente le ricche potenzialità dell'approccio naturale.

Indice

1. Preludio

Le trascrizioni
Il contenuto dell'FTN/MaF (e del MaP)
Osservazioni sulla terminologia

2. Far fonetica

Guida alle figure
Guida ai tipi di trascrizione
Trascrivere a mano

3. Pronuncia e fonetica

Il metodo fonetico

4. L'apparato fono-articolatorio

Le pliche vocali
Risonatóri (5 cavità fono-articolatorie)
Le labbra

5. Classificazione dei suoni

6. Approccio graduale

Vocali
Sonorità
Consonanti
Punti d'articolazione
Modi d'articolazione
Elementi prosodici
Accento di parola
Accento di frase
Toni
Intonazione

7. L'IPA ufficiale e altre notazioni

L'IPA ufficiale
Le consonanti
Le vocali
Indicazioni prosodiche e diacritici
Come mai non usano tutti l'IPA?
Rapido confronto tra ^uffIPA e ^canIPA
La revisione ufficiale dell'IPA (1989-96): una riforma mancata
Diacritici ufficiali
Diacritici segmentali
Diacritici sovrasegmentali
Diacritici tonali (ufficiali) di parola o di sillaba
Sugli alfabeti non-IPA
Confronto coi principali simboli non-IPA usati in Italia
Da un paio d'IPA a tanti non-IPA diversi
L'alfabeto fonetico dell'ALI: un altro esempio da non seguire
Osservazioni sul (non) “rispetto” dei simboli
Ipostatizzazione e “ipastatizzazione”

8. Vocali e vocoidi

Altre classificazioni meno utili
Di più sui vocoidi
I vocoidi canIPA
Pratica articolatoria
I dittonghi: un fonema o due?
Vocoidi canIPA e corrispondenti uffIPA

9. Consonanti e contoidi (1)

Nasali
Occlusivi
Costrittivi
Occlu-costrittivi
Approssimanti
Vibranti, vibrati e vibratili
Laterali
Memorizzazione
Pratica articolatoria

10. Consonanti e contoidi (2)

Tabella dei principali contoidi canIPA
I contoidi canIPA (per modi d'articolazione)
Nasali
Occlusivi
Occlu-costrittivi
Costrittivi
Approssimanti
Vibranti
Laterali
Confronti tra contoidi simili

11. Peculiarità foniche

Contoidi intensi (“sillabici”)
Coarticolazione
Modificazioni
Variazioni
Contoidi con stacchi particolari
Prenasalizzazione
“Aspirazione”
Consonanti non-pneumoniche
Consonanti eiettive
Consonanti iniettive
Consonanti deiettive
Nasalizzazione di vocoidi
Desonorizzazione di vocoidi
Vocoidi in sillaba non-accentata
I vocoidi nel canto
Simboli generici (per categorie foniche)

12. Microstrutture

La sillaba
Scala di sillabicità
Sillabazione
Le sillabe e la catena parlata
Durata
Accento
Tonalità e toni
Pratica tonetica

13. Macrostrutture

Prominenza
Ritmo e ritmìe
Pause
Tonalità e intonìe
Paragrafo e testo
Velocità
Intonazione
L'intonìa
Le protonìe
Le tonìe
Le domande
Modifiche delle tonìe
Incisi e citazioni
Riflessioni sui “ruoli” comunicativi
Riflessioni sull'intonazione
Strutture e generalizzazioni

14. Sovrastrutture

Parafonica
Tonalità
Altri elementi parafonici

15. Fonosintesi

16. Italia

17. Europa

18. Africa

19. Asia

20. Oceania

21. America

22. Lingue morte

23. L'“extraterrestre”

Bibliografia utilizzabile
Indice analitico
Indice delle lingue

ISBN 9783895866586 (Hardbound). LINCOM Textbooks in Linguistics 12. 500pp. (formato: 17 x 24cm). 2007.

Natural Phonetics and Tonetics

Articulatory, auditory, & functional

Luciano Canepari
University of Venice, Italy

The author, who was trained in the British phonetic tradition and teaches Phonetics and phonology at the University of Venice, has expanded and completed the potential of natural phonetics, i.e. articulatory, auditory, and functional, in order to update and adapt it to the descriptive and teaching needs of several languages and dialects of the world, according to the phonetic method which is explained in the book.

The handbook offers the necessary expansion of the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) to make it appropriate to adequately deal with hundreds of languages; not only for vowels and consonants, but also for intonation and tones. Hundreds of useful figures are provided, in particular vocograms, orograms, labiograms, palatograms, and tonograms.

The general part, although beginning in a gradual way, deals with all the segmental and suprasegmentals in depth, without neglecting paraphonics (or “paralinguistics”). The handbook provides about 1000 “linguistic sounds” with their symbols, of which at least 500 are basic, 300 complementary, and 200 supplementary.

In the second part, about 320 languages from all over the world are concisely but precisely dealt with (including 72 dead languages).

In a twin volume (A Handbook of Pronunciation) the phonetic method is fully applied, by thoroughly dealing with the pronunciation of 12 languages: English, Italian, French, German, Spanish, Portuguese, Russian, Arabic, Hindi, Chinese, Japanese, and Esperanto.

The new fully revised and up-dated edition includes fairly important additions, integrations, substitutions, and modifications. Its title has changed to clearly show the rich potentialities of the natural approach.

Contents

1. Prelude

Transcriptions
The contents of NPT/HPh (& of HPr)
Observations on phonetic terminology

2. Doing phonetics

Guide to the figures
Guide to different types of transcriptions
Transcribing by hand

3. Pronunciation & phonetics

The phonetic method


4. The phono-articulatory apparatus

The vocal folds
Resonators (5 phono-articulatory cavities)
The lips

5. The classification of sounds

6. A gradual approach

Vowels
Voicing
Consonants
Places of articulation
Manners of articulation
Prosodic elements
Stress
Sentence stress
Tones
Intonation

7. The official IPA & other notations

Official IPA
Consonants
Vowels
Prosodic indications & other diacritics
How come the IPA is not used by everyone?
Quick comparison between ^offIPA & ^canIPA
The official revision of the IPA (1989-96): A missed reform
Official diacritics
Segmental diacritics
Suprasegmental diacritics
Official tones & word accents
About non-IPA alphabets
Comparison with the main non-IPA symbols used in Romance studies
From a couple of IPA to many different non-IPA's
The phonetic alphabet of the ALI: Another example not to follow observations on the (non) ‘respect’ of symbols
Hypostatization & ‘ipastatization’

8. Vowels & vocoids

Other, less useful classifications
More about vocoids
^canIPA vocoids
Articulatory practice
Diphthongs: one phoneme or two?
^canIPA vocoids & correspondent ^off IPA symbols

9. Consonants & contoids (1)

Nasals
Stops
Constrictives (‘fricatives’)
Stop-strictives (‘affricates’)
Approximants
Trills, taps & flaps
Laterals
Memorizing
Articulatory practice

10. Consonants & contoids (2)

Table of the main ^canIPA contoids
^canIPA contoids (displayed according to articolation manners)
Nasals
Stops
Stop-strictives (‘affricates’)
Constrictives (‘fricatives’)
Approximants
Trills, taps & flaps
Laterals
Comparisons between similar contoids

11. Phonic peculiarities

Intense (‘syllabic’) contoids
Coarticulation
Modifications
Variations
Contoids with particular offsets
Prenasalization
‘Aspiration’
Non-pulmonic consonants
Ejective consonants
Injective consonants
Dejective consonants (clicks)
Nasalization of vocoids
Devoicing vocoids
Vocoids in unstressed syllables
Vocoids in singing
Abolition of the term (and concept of) ‘retroflection’
Generic symbols (for phonic categories)

12. Microstructures

Syllables
Scale of syllabicity
Syllabification
Syllables & the speech chain
Length
Stress
Pitch & tones
Tonetic practice

13. Macrostructures
Prominence
Rhythm & rhythm groups
Pauses
Pitch & intonation groups
Paragraph & text
Rate
Intonation
Intonation groups
Preintonemes
Intonemes
Questions
Intonemes modifications
Parentheses & quotations
Considerations on communicative ‘roles’
Considerations on intonation
Structures & generalizations

14. Superstructures

Paraphonics
Pitch
Other paraphonic elements

15. Phonosyntheses

16. Italy

17. Europe

18. Africa

19. Asia

20. Oceania

21. America

22. Dead languages

23. ‘Extraterrestrial’

Utilizable bibliography
Index
Language index

ISBN 9783895866449. LINCOM Textbooks in Linguistics 13. 518pp. 2007.

Introduction to Linguistics

For Students of English as a Foreign Language

Hussein Abdul-Raof
Taibah University, Saudi Arabia

This book addresses the learning and academic needs of students of English as a foreign language. This work can be described as linguistics-made-easy for students of English as a foreign language. It is overseas student-friendly. It is characterized by simple language, and most importantly, it addresses the overseas student's needs in terms of learning an introductory course on linguistics.

This book also addresses the teachers’ needs in terms of the teaching materials required for the undergraduate course in linguistics. This work is for departments of English and departments of translation studies where the materials discussed in this book are required for the course/module on linguistics.

Teaching linguistics to overseas students studying English as a foreign language in their home universities is not the same as teaching it to students in the UK or the United States. Based on facts on the ground (the classroom) and the author's teaching experience, there are two types of Introduction to Linguistics: one is for the native students of English, and the other is for students of English as a foreign language.

Thus, there should be two distinct pedagogical and methodological approaches to this widely taught undergraduate course/module.

This book aims to achieve three major objectives: (i) to facilitate the comprehension of linguistics to the students of English as a foreign language in overseas universities, (ii) to equip this category of students whose English is not their mother language with sound awareness of and insight into the fundamental aspects of linguistics, and (iii) to make the major linguistic approaches and notions more accessible to them as students of English as a foreign language in overseas universities.

ISBN 9783862885565. LINCOM Textbooks in Linguistics 14. 250pp. 2014.